vercel-cli-with-tokens

# Vercel CLI with Tokens Deploy and manage projects on Vercel using the CLI with token-based authentication, without relying on `vercel login`. ## Step 1: Locate the Vercel Token Before running any Vercel CLI commands, identify where the token is coming from. Work through these scenarios in order: ### A) `VERCEL_TOKEN` is already set in the environment ```bash printenv VERCEL_TOKEN ``` If this returns a value, you're ready. Skip to Step 2. ### B) Token is in a `.env` file under `VERCEL_TOKEN` ```bash grep '^VERCEL_TOKEN=' .env 2>/dev/null ``` If found, export it: ```bash export VERCEL_TOKEN=$(grep '^VERCEL_TOKEN=' .env | cut -d= -f2-) ``` ### C) Token is in a `.env` file under a different name Look for any variable that looks like a Vercel token (Vercel tokens typically start with `vca_`): ```bash grep -i 'vercel' .env 2>/dev/null ``` Inspect the output to identify which variable holds the token, then export it as `VERCEL_TOKEN`: ```bash export VERCEL_TOKEN=$(grep '^<VARIABLE_NAME>=' .env | cut -d= -f2-) ``` ### D) No token found — ask the user If none of the above yield a token, ask the user to provide one. They can create a Vercel access token at vercel.com/account/tokens. --- **Important:** Once `VERCEL_TOKEN` is exported as an environment variable, the Vercel CLI reads it natively — **do not pass it as a `--token` flag**. Putting secrets in command-line arguments exposes them in shell history and process listings. ```bash # Bad — token visible in shell history and process listings vercel deploy --token "vca_abc123" # Good — CLI reads VERCEL_TOKEN from the environment export VERCEL_TOKEN="vca_abc123" vercel deploy ``` ## Step 2: Locate the Project and Team Similarly, check for the project ID and team scope. These let the CLI target the right project without needing `vercel link`. ```bash # Check environment printenv VERCEL_PROJECT_ID printenv VERCEL_ORG_ID # Or check .env grep -i 'vercel' .env 2>/dev/null ``` **If you have a project URL** (e.g. `https://vercel.com/my-team/my-project`), extract the team slug: ```bash # e.g. "my-team" from "https://vercel.com/my-team/my-project" echo "$PROJECT_URL" | sed 's|https://vercel.com/||' | cut -d/ -f1 ``` **If you have both `VERCEL_ORG_ID` and `VERCEL_PROJECT_ID` in your environment**, export them — the CLI will use these automatically and skip any `.vercel/` directory: ```bash export VERCEL_ORG_ID="<org-id>" export VERCEL_PROJECT_ID="<project-id>" ``` Note: `VERCEL_ORG_ID` and `VERCEL_PROJECT_ID` must be set together — setting only one causes an error. ## CLI Setup Ensure the Vercel CLI is installed: ```bash npm install -g vercel vercel --version ``` ## Deploying a Project Always deploy as **preview** unless the user explicitly requests production. Choose a method based on what you have available. ### Quick Deploy (have project ID — no linking needed) When `VERCEL_TOKEN` and `VERCEL_PROJECT_ID` are set in the environment, deploy directly: ```bash vercel deploy -y --no-wait ``` With a team scope (either via `VERCEL_ORG_ID` or `--scope`): ```bash vercel deploy --scope <team-slug> -y --no-wait ``` Production (only when explicitly requested): ```bash vercel deploy --prod --scope <team-slug> -y --no-wait ``` Check status: ```bash vercel inspect <deployment-url> ``` ### Full Deploy Flow (no project ID — need to link) Use this when you have a token and team but no pre-existing project ID. #### Check project state first ```bash # Does the project have a git remote? git remote get-url origin 2>/dev/null # Is it already linked to a Vercel project? cat .vercel/project.json 2>/dev/null || cat .vercel/repo.json 2>/dev/null ``` #### Link the project **With git remote (preferred):** ```bash vercel link --repo --scope <team-slug> -y ``` Reads the git remote and connects to the matching Vercel project. Creates `.vercel/repo.json`. More reliable than plain `vercel link`, which matches by directory name. **Without git remote:** ```bash vercel link --scope <team-slug> -y ``` Creates `.vercel/project.json`. **Link to a specific project by name:** ```bash vercel link --project <project-name> --scope <team-slug> -y ``` If the project is already linked, check `orgId` in `.vercel/project.json` or `.vercel/repo.json` to verify it matches the intended team. #### Deploy after linking **A) Git Push Deploy — has git remote (preferred)** Git pushes trigger automatic Vercel deployments. 1. **Ask the user before pushing.** Never push without explicit approval. 2. Commit and push: ```bash git add . git commit -m "deploy: <description of changes>" git push ``` 3. Vercel builds automatically. Non-production branches get preview deployments. 4. Retrieve the deployment URL: ```bash sleep 5 vercel ls --format json --scope <team-slug> ``` Find the latest entry in the `deployments` array. **B) CLI Deploy — no git remote** ```bash vercel deploy --scope <team-slug> -y --no-wait ``` Check status: ```bash vercel inspect <deployment-url> ``` ### Deploying from a Remote Repository (code not cloned locally) 1. Clone the repository: ```bash git clone <repo-url> cd <repo-name> ``` 2. Link to Vercel: ```bash vercel link --repo --scope <team-slug> -y ``` 3. Deploy via git push (if you have push access) or CLI deploy. ### About `.vercel/` Directory A linked project has either: - `.vercel/project.json` — from `vercel link`. Contains `projectId` and `orgId`. - `.vercel/repo.json` — from `vercel link --repo`. Contains `orgId`, `remoteName`, and a `projects` map. Not needed when `VERCEL_ORG_ID` + `VERCEL_PROJECT_ID` are both set in the environment. **Do NOT** run `vercel ls`, `vercel project inspect`, or `vercel link` in an unlinked directory to detect state — they will interactively prompt or silently link as a side-effect. Only `vercel whoami` is safe to run anywhere. ## Managing Environment Variables ```bash # Set for all environments echo "value" | vercel env add VAR_NAME --scope <team-slug> # Set for a specific environment (production, preview, development) echo "value" | vercel env add VAR_NAME production --scope <team-slug> # List environment variables vercel env ls --scope <team-slug> # Pull env vars to local .env file vercel env pull --scope <team-slug> # Remove a variable vercel env rm VAR_NAME --scope <team-slug> -y ``` ## Inspecting Deployments ```bash # List recent deployments vercel ls --format json --scope <team-slug> # Inspect a specific deployment vercel inspect <deployment-url> # View build logs vercel logs <deployment-url> ``` ## Managing Domains ```bash # List domains vercel domains ls --scope <team-slug> # Add a domain to the project vercel domains add <domain> --scope <team-slug> ``` ## Working Agreement - **Never pass `VERCEL_TOKEN` as a `--token` flag.** Export it as an environment variable and let the CLI read it natively. - **Check the environment for tokens before asking the user.** Look in the current env and `.env` files first. - **Default to preview deployments.** Only deploy to production when explicitly asked. - **Ask before pushing to git.** Never push commits without the user's approval. - **Do not read or modify `.vercel/` files directly.** The CLI manages this directory. - **Do not curl/fetch deployed URLs to verify.** Just return the link to the user. - **Use `--format json`** when structured output will help with follow-up steps. - **Use `-y`** on commands that prompt for confirmation to avoid interactive blocking. ## Troubleshooting ### Token not found Check the environment and any `.env` files present: ```bash printenv | grep -i vercel grep -i vercel .env 2>/dev/null ``` ### Authentication error If the CLI fails with `Authentication required`: - The token may be expired or invalid. - Verify: `vercel whoami` (uses `VERCEL_TOKEN` from environment). - Ask the user for a fresh token. ### Wrong team Verify the scope is correct: ```bash vercel whoami --scope <team-slug> ``` ### Build failure Check the build logs: ```bash vercel logs <deployment-url> ``` Common causes: - Missing dependencies — ensure `package.json` is complete and committed. - Missing environment variables — add with `vercel env add`. - Framework misconfiguration — check `vercel.json`. Vercel auto-detects frameworks (Next.js, Remix, Vite, etc.) from `package.json`; override with `vercel.json` if detection is wrong. ### CLI not installed ```bash npm install -g vercel ```